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.claude/skills/nextjs-developer/references/app-router.md
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.claude/skills/nextjs-developer/references/app-router.md
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|
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# App Router Architecture
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## File-Based Routing
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```
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app/
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├── layout.tsx # Root layout (required)
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├── page.tsx # Home page (/)
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├── loading.tsx # Loading UI
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├── error.tsx # Error boundary
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├── not-found.tsx # 404 page
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├── template.tsx # Re-mounted layout
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│
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├── (marketing)/ # Route group (no URL segment)
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│ ├── layout.tsx
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│ ├── about/
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│ │ └── page.tsx # /about
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│ └── contact/
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│ └── page.tsx # /contact
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│
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├── dashboard/
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│ ├── layout.tsx # Shared dashboard layout
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│ ├── page.tsx # /dashboard
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│ ├── settings/
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│ │ └── page.tsx # /dashboard/settings
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│ └── @analytics/ # Parallel route (slot)
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│ └── page.tsx
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│
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├── blog/
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│ ├── [slug]/
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│ │ └── page.tsx # /blog/my-post (dynamic)
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│ └── [...slug]/
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│ └── page.tsx # /blog/a/b/c (catch-all)
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│
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└── api/
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└── users/
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└── route.ts # API route handler
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```
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## Root Layout (Required)
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```tsx
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// app/layout.tsx
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import type { Metadata } from 'next'
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import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'
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import './globals.css'
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const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] })
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export const metadata: Metadata = {
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title: {
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default: 'My App',
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template: '%s | My App'
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},
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description: 'Next.js 14 application',
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}
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export default function RootLayout({
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children,
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||||
}: {
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||||
children: React.ReactNode
|
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}) {
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return (
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<html lang="en">
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<body className={inter.className}>
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{children}
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</body>
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</html>
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)
|
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}
|
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```
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||||
## Nested Layouts
|
||||
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||||
```tsx
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||||
// app/dashboard/layout.tsx
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import { Sidebar } from '@/components/sidebar'
|
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import { auth } from '@/lib/auth'
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import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'
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export default async function DashboardLayout({
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children,
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}: {
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children: React.ReactNode
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}) {
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const session = await auth()
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||||
if (!session) {
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||||
redirect('/login')
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}
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||||
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||||
return (
|
||||
<div className="flex">
|
||||
<Sidebar />
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||||
<main className="flex-1">{children}</main>
|
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</div>
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||||
)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
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||||
## Templates (Re-mount on Navigation)
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```tsx
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// app/template.tsx
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'use client'
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||||
import { useEffect } from 'react'
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export default function Template({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
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useEffect(() => {
|
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// Runs on every navigation
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console.log('Template mounted')
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}, [])
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||||
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||||
return <div>{children}</div>
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}
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```
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||||
## Loading States
|
||||
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||||
```tsx
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||||
// app/dashboard/loading.tsx
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export default function Loading() {
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return (
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<div className="flex items-center justify-center h-screen">
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<div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-32 w-32 border-b-2" />
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</div>
|
||||
)
|
||||
}
|
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```
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||||
## Error Boundaries
|
||||
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||||
```tsx
|
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// app/error.tsx
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'use client'
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||||
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||||
export default function Error({
|
||||
error,
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||||
reset,
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||||
}: {
|
||||
error: Error & { digest?: string }
|
||||
reset: () => void
|
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}) {
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>Something went wrong!</h2>
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||||
<button onClick={() => reset()}>Try again</button>
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</div>
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||||
)
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||||
}
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||||
```
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||||
## Route Groups
|
||||
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||||
```tsx
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// (marketing) and (shop) share the same URL level
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app/
|
||||
├── (marketing)/
|
||||
│ ├── layout.tsx # Marketing layout
|
||||
│ └── about/
|
||||
│ └── page.tsx # /about
|
||||
└── (shop)/
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||||
├── layout.tsx # Shop layout
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||||
└── products/
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||||
└── page.tsx # /products
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```
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||||
## Parallel Routes
|
||||
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||||
```tsx
|
||||
// app/dashboard/layout.tsx
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||||
export default function Layout({
|
||||
children,
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||||
analytics,
|
||||
team,
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||||
}: {
|
||||
children: React.ReactNode
|
||||
analytics: React.ReactNode
|
||||
team: React.ReactNode
|
||||
}) {
|
||||
return (
|
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<>
|
||||
{children}
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||||
{analytics}
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{team}
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</>
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)
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}
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||||
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||||
// app/dashboard/@analytics/page.tsx
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export default function Analytics() {
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return <div>Analytics Dashboard</div>
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}
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||||
```
|
||||
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||||
## Intercepting Routes
|
||||
|
||||
```tsx
|
||||
// Show modal when navigating from same app
|
||||
// but show full page on direct navigation
|
||||
|
||||
// app/photos/[id]/page.tsx (full page)
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||||
export default function PhotoPage({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
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||||
return <div>Photo {params.id} - Full Page</div>
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}
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||||
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||||
// app/@modal/(.)photos/[id]/page.tsx (modal)
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export default function PhotoModal({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
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||||
return <div>Photo {params.id} - Modal</div>
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||||
}
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||||
```
|
||||
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||||
## Dynamic Routes
|
||||
|
||||
```tsx
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// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
|
||||
export default function BlogPost({ params }: { params: { slug: string } }) {
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||||
return <h1>Post: {params.slug}</h1>
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}
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||||
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// Generate static params at build time
|
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export async function generateStaticParams() {
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||||
const posts = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts').then(res => res.json())
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||||
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||||
return posts.map((post: { slug: string }) => ({
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||||
slug: post.slug,
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}))
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||||
}
|
||||
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||||
// Opt out of static generation
|
||||
export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
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||||
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||||
// Revalidate every 60 seconds
|
||||
export const revalidate = 60
|
||||
```
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||||
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||||
## Catch-All Routes
|
||||
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||||
```tsx
|
||||
// app/docs/[...slug]/page.tsx
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// Matches: /docs/a, /docs/a/b, /docs/a/b/c
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||||
export default function Docs({ params }: { params: { slug: string[] } }) {
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||||
return <div>Docs: {params.slug.join('/')}</div>
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||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Optional catch-all: [[...slug]]
|
||||
// Also matches: /docs
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Route Handlers (API Routes)
|
||||
|
||||
```tsx
|
||||
// app/api/users/route.ts
|
||||
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
|
||||
|
||||
export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
|
||||
const users = await db.user.findMany()
|
||||
return NextResponse.json(users)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
|
||||
const body = await request.json()
|
||||
const user = await db.user.create({ data: body })
|
||||
return NextResponse.json(user, { status: 201 })
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Dynamic routes: app/api/users/[id]/route.ts
|
||||
export async function GET(
|
||||
request: NextRequest,
|
||||
{ params }: { params: { id: string } }
|
||||
) {
|
||||
const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: params.id } })
|
||||
return NextResponse.json(user)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Metadata API
|
||||
|
||||
```tsx
|
||||
// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
|
||||
import type { Metadata } from 'next'
|
||||
|
||||
export async function generateMetadata(
|
||||
{ params }: { params: { slug: string } }
|
||||
): Promise<Metadata> {
|
||||
const post = await fetchPost(params.slug)
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
title: post.title,
|
||||
description: post.excerpt,
|
||||
openGraph: {
|
||||
title: post.title,
|
||||
description: post.excerpt,
|
||||
images: [{ url: post.coverImage }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Quick Reference
|
||||
|
||||
| File | Purpose | Use Case |
|
||||
|------|---------|----------|
|
||||
| `layout.tsx` | Persistent UI across routes | Shared navigation, auth wrapper |
|
||||
| `page.tsx` | Route UI | Actual page content |
|
||||
| `loading.tsx` | Loading fallback | Automatic Suspense boundary |
|
||||
| `error.tsx` | Error boundary | Handle errors gracefully |
|
||||
| `template.tsx` | Re-mounted layout | Analytics, animations |
|
||||
| `not-found.tsx` | 404 page | Custom not found UI |
|
||||
| `route.ts` | API handler | Backend API endpoints |
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user